ZOSTERA MARINA BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE NEERS REGION

CLIMATE
DOCKS
LABRINTHULA
LIGHT
RESTORATION
WATER QUALITY

Addy, C. E. 1947. Germination of eelgrass seeds. Journal of Wildlife Management 11: 270.

Addy, C. E. 1947. Eelgrass planting guide. Maryland Conservationist 24: 16-17.

Addy, C. E., and D. A. Aylward. 1944. Status of eelgrass in Massachusetts during 1943. Journal of Wildlife Management 8(4): 269-275.

Addy, C. E. and R. H. Johnson. 1948. Status of eelgrass along the Atlantic cost during 1947. Proc. Northeastern Game conference pp. 73-78.

Biebl, R. and C. P. McRoy. 1971. Plasmatic resistance and rate of respiration and photosynthesis of Zostera marina at different salinities and temperatures. Mar. Biol. 8: 48-56.

Bridges, K. W., J. C. Zieman, and C. P. McRoy. 1978. Seagrass literature survey. Final Report, Vicksburg, Miss., US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. 174pp. (Contract No. DACW39-74-C-0710).

Briggs, P. T., and J. S. O’Connor. 1971. Comparison of shore-zone fishes over naturally vegetated and sand-filled bottoms in Great South Bay. NY Fish Game J. 18: 15-41.

Brinkhuis, B. H., W. F. Penello, and A. C. Churchill. 1980. Cadmium and magnesium flux in eelgrass Zostera marina II. Metal uptake by leaf and root-rhizome tissues. Mar. Biol. 58: 187-196.

Brown, C. L. 1962. On the ecology of aufwuchs of Zostera marina in Charleston Pond, Rhode Island.MS Thesis, Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston. 52 pp.

Buchsbaum, R. N. 1987. The geese and the grass. Sanctuaries 27: 7-9.

Buchsbaum, R. N. 1995. Presentation given at seagrass workshop – Eelgrass habitat in Massachusetts waters. Feb. 8, 1995. US Army Corps of Engineers, Waltham, MA.

Buchsbaum, R. N., F. T. Short, and D. P. Cheney. 1990. Phenolic-nitrogen interactions in eelgrass, Zostera marina L.: Possible implications for disease resistance. Aquat. Bot. 37: 291-297.

Burkholder, P. R., and T. E. Doheny. 1968. The biology of eelgrass, with special reference to Hempstead and South Oyster Bays, Nassau County, Long Island, New York. Contr. No. 3, Dept. Conserv. and
Waterways, Hempstead, NY, 120 pp.

Churchill, A. C., and M. I. Riner. 1978. Anthesis and seed production in Zostera marina L. from Great South Bay, New York, U.S.A. Aquat. Bot. 4: 83-93.

Churchill, A. C., A. E. Cok, and M. I. Riner. 1978. Stabilization of subtidal sediments by the transplantation of the seagrass Zostera marina L. NY Sea Grant Report NYSSGP-RS-78-15. 48pp.

Churchill, A. C., G. Nieves, and A. H. Brenowitz. 1985. Flotation and dispersal of eelgrass seeds by gas bubbles. Estuaries 8(4): 352-354.

Conard, H. S. 1935. The plant associations of central Long Island. Amer. Midland Nat. 16: 433-516.

Conover, J. T. 1961. Plant relationships in coastal ponds. First National Coastal Shallow Water Res. Conference. P. 109-110.

Conover, J. T. 1961. A study of Charleston and Green Hill Ponds, Rhode Island. Ecology 42(1): 119-139.

Conover, J. T. 1964. Environmental relationships of benthos in salt ponds (plant relationships). RI Grad. Sch. Oceanogr. Tech. Rep. 3. 2 vols. 80pp.

Conover, J. T. 1966. Environmental relationships of benthos in salt ponds. Tech. Report III, WP-00023, NIH, Grad. School Oceanogr., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, R. I.

Conover, J. T. 1968. The importance of natural diffusion gradients and transport of substances related to benthic plant metabolism. Bot. Mar. 11: 1-9.

Conover, J. T. and E. Gough. 1964. The importance of stem and leaf vs. root assimilation in Ruppia maritima L. and Zostera marina L. related to seasonal growth. Tech. Report III, WP-00023, NIH Grad. School of Oceanography, Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. pp. 6-1 to 6-19.

Conover, R. J. 1958. Physical, chemical, and biological observations on Charleston and Green Hill Ponds,Rhode Island. Univ. Rhode Island Tech. Report.

Costa, J. E. 1988. Distribution, production, and historical changes in abundance of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in southeastern Massachusetts. Ph.D. Thesis, Boston University, 354pp.

Costa, J. E. 1988. Eelgrass in Buzzards Bay: distribution, production, and historical changes in abundance.EPA 503/4-88-002.

Cottam, C. 1933. Disappearance of eelgrass along the Atlantic Coast. Plant Disease Reporter 17: 46-53.

Cottam, C. 1934. The eelgrass shortage in relation to waterfowl. American Game Conference Trans. 20: 272-279.

Cottam, C. 1934. Past periods of eelgrass scarcity. Rhodora 35: 261-264.

Cottam, C. 1935. The eelgrass situation in 1934. American Game Conference Trans. 21: 295-301.

Cottam, C. 1938. Status of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the North Atlantic Coast, February 1938. USDA Biological Survey. Leaflet 110.

Cottam, C. 1941. The eelgrass situation, fall 1940. Plant Disease Reporter 25: 46-52.

Cottam, C. 1945. Eelgrass conditions along the Atlantic seaboard of North America. Plant DiseaseReporter 29: 302-310.

Cottam, C. and C.E. Addy. 1947. Present eelgrass condition and problems on the Atlantic Coast ofNorth America. Trans. N. Amer. Wild. Conf. 12: 387-398. Crawford, 1989.

Cottam, C. and D. A. Munro. 1954. Eelgrass status and environmental relations. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 18: 449-460.

Davis, B. M. 1913. Botanical biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Part I, Section II. Bull. Bur. Fish. 31(1): 443-544; 31(2): 795-833.

DeCock, A. W. A. M. 1980. Flowering, pollination & fruiting in Zostera marina L. Aquat. Bot. 9: 20 l-220.

Dexter, R. W. 1944. Ecological significance of the disappearance of eelgrass at Cape Ann, Massachusetts.Jour. Wildl. Mgmt. 8(3): 173-176.

Dexter, R. W. 1945. A report on the eelgrass situation in the Annisquam (Mass.) Mystic (Conn.) tidewater rivers in the summer of 1945. Plant Disease Reporter 29: 702-704.

Dexter, R. W. 1946. The eelgrass situation in the Annisquam (Mass.) Mystic (Conn.) tidewater rivers in the summer of 1946. Plant Disease Reporter 30: 424-425.

Dexter, R. W. 1947. The marine communities of a tidal inlet at Cape Ann, Massachusetts: a study in bioecology. Ecol. Monogr. 17(3): 261-294.

Dexter, R. W. 1947. Status of eelgrass in the Annisquam tidal river and Menensha saltwater pond inMassachusetts during the summer of 1947. Plant Disease Reporter 31(11): 448-449.

Dexter, R. W. 1951. The eelgrass situation at Cape Ann, Massachusetts, in the summer of 1951. Plant Disease Reporter 35(11): 507-508.

Dexter, R. W. 1953. Recession of eelgrass at Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Ecology 34(1): 229-231.

Dexter, R. W. 1970. Utilization of natural resources in the plaster of old houses in the vicinity of Cape AnnMassachusetts. Essex Inst. Hist. Collect. 106(2): 108-111.

Dexter, R. W. 1985. Changes in the standing crop of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., at Cape Ann, Massachusetts, since the epidemic of 1932. Rhodora 87: 357-366.

Dietz, C. B. 1982. Ammonium fluxes from estuarine sediments: Great South Bay, NY. MS Thesis, State Univ. NY, Stony Brook. 128pp.

Dodd, C. A. 1966. Epiphytic diatoms of Zostera marina in Great South Bay. MS Thesis, Adelphi Univ., NY. 208pp.

Donard, O.F.X., W.F. Guerin, F.T. Short, S. Raspomanikis and J.H. Weber. 1985. Alkyltin in the Great Bay estuarine ecosystem (New Hampshire). Proceedings Inter. Conf. Heavy Metals in the Environment, Athens, Greece. September 1985.

Dreyer, W. A. and W. A. Castle. 1941. Occurrence of the bay scallop, Pecten irradians. Ecology 22: 425-527.

Fell, P. E., and Kent B. Lewandrowski. 1981. Population dynamics of the estuarine sponge, Halichondria sp., within a New England eelgrass community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 55: 49-64.

Fish, C. J. and H. P. Jefferies. 1961. Environmental relationships of benthos in salt ponds. Progress Report, RG-7003(CI) NML of the Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.

Fonseca, M. S. 1975. Studies on the effect of water motion on the growth of eelgrass, Zostera marina. Special Project, Botany Dept., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. 23pp.

Fonseca, M. S., J. J. Fisher, J. C. Zieman, and G. W. Thayer. 1982. Influence of the seagrass, Zostera marina L., on current flow. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci. 15: 351-364.

Fonseca, M. S., G. W. Thayer, A. J. Chester, and C. Foltz. 1984. Impact of scallop harvesting on eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows: Implications for management. N. Amer. J. Fish. Mgt. 4: 286-293.

Gagnon, P. S., R. L. Vadas, D. B. Burdick, and B. P. May. 1980. Genetic identity of annual and perennial forms of Zostera marina L. Aquat. Bot. 8: 157-162.

Garcia-Esquivel, Z. and V. M. Bricelj. 1993. Otogenic changes in microhabitat distribution of juvenile bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians (L.), in eelgrass beds, and their potential significance to early recruitment. The Biological Bulletin 185: 42-55.

Gallegos, C. L. 1994. Refining habitat requirements of submersed aquatic vegetation: role of optical models. Estuaries 17(1B): 187-199.

Grizzle, R.E., F.T. Short, H. Hoven, L. Kindbloom and C.R. Newell. 1996. Hydrodynamically induced synchronous waving of seagrasses: “monami” and its possible effects on larval mussel settlement.Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 206: 165-177.

Harlin, M. M., B. Thorne-Miller, and J. C. Boothroyd. 1982. Seagrass-sediment dynamics of a flood-tidal delta in Rhode Island (USA). Aquat. Bot. 14: 127-138.

Harrison, P. G. 1974. Growth and detritus formation in a temperate seagrass, Zostera marina. Ph.D. Thesis, Dalhousie Univ., Nova Scotia, Canada.

Heck, K. L., Jr., K. W. Able, M. P. Fahay and C. T. Roman. 1989. Fishes and decapod crustaceans of CapeCod eelgrass meadows: Species composition, seasonal abundance patterns and comparison with unvegetated substrates. Estuaries 12(2): 59-65.

Heck, K. L., Jr., K. W. Able, C. T. Roman and M. P. Fahay. 1995. Composition, abundance, biomass,and production of macrofauna in a New England estuary: comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats. Estuaries 18(2): 379-389.

Homziak, J., M. S. Fonseca, and W. J. Kenworthy. 1982. Macrobenthic community structure in a transplanted Eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadow. Marine Ecology Progress Series 9: 211-221.

Hotchkiss, A. T. 1947. Aquatic vegetation of the lower Connecticut River. State of Connecticut Board of Fisheries & Game. 62pp. Unpublished report.

Hoven, H.M., H.E. Gaudette, and F.T. Short. 1999. Isotope ratios of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb in eelgrass, Zostera marina L., indicate sources of Pb in an estuary. Marine Environmental Research 48: 377-387.

Iizumi, H, A. Hattori, and C. P. McRoy. 1980. Nitrate and nitrite in interstitial waters of eelgrass beds in relation to the rhizosphere. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 47: 191-201.

Iizumi, H, A. Hattori, and C. P. McRoy. 1982. Ammonium regeneration and assimilation in eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds. Mar. Biol. 66: 59-66.

Jackson, C. F. 1944. Physical and biological features of Great Bay, New Hampshire. New Hampshire Marine Fisheries Commission, Durham, NH.

Jefferies, H. P. 1964. Environmental relationships of benthos in salt ponds. Tech. Report II, WP-00023, Phs. Grad School of Oceanogr., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island. Ref. No. 64-3.

Johnson, D. S. and A. F. Skutch. 1928. Littoral vegetation on a headland of Mt. Desert Island. I. Submersible or strictly littoral vegetation. Ecology 9(2): 188-215.

Johnson, D. S. and H. H. York. 1915. The relation of plants to tide-levels. A study of factors affecting the distribution of marine plants. Carn. Inst. Washington No. 206, 143 pp.

Jones, C. R. 1978. Distribution of surficial sediments and eelgrass in New York's south shore bays: an assessment from the literature. Stony Brook, NY. 80pp.

Jones, C. R. 1980. Distribution of surficial sediments and eelgrass in Great South Bay, New York: (from Smith Point, west to Wantagh State Parkway). Stony Brook, NY. 19pp.

Josselyn, M. N. 1978. The contribution of marine macrophytes to the detrital pool of the Great Bay estuarine system, NH. Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of New Hampshire, Durham. 129pp.

Keddy, C. J. 1987. Reproduction of annual eelgrass: variation among habits and comparison with perennial eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Aquat. Bot. 27: 243-256.

Keddy, C. J. and D. G. Patriquin. 1978. An annual form of eelgrass in Nova Scotia. Aquat. Bot. 5(2): 163-170.

Keller, M. and S. W. Harris. 1966. The growth of eelgrass in relation to tidal depth. J. Wildlife. Mgt. 30(2): 280-285.

Kenworthy, W. J. and M. Fonseca. 1977. Reciprocal transplant of the seagrass Zostera marina L. effect of substrate on growth. Aquaculture 12: 197-213.

Kenworthy, W. J., G. W. Thayer, and M. S. Fonseca. 1988. The utilization of seagrass meadows by fishery organisms. In: The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Vol I, Ecology of Wetlands, D. D. Hook et al. (eds) Timber Press Oregon, pp. 548-560.

Klotz, R. L. and J. L. Knight. 1973. The ecology of eelgrass (Zostera marina). Report to Northeast Utilities Service Co. 14pp.

Knight, J. L. and R. B. Lawton. 1974. Report on the possible influence of thermal addition on the growth of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in Jordan Cove, Waterford, Connecticut. Report to Northeast Utilities Service Co.

Koch, E. W., C. Yarish, S. Beer, R. Troy, G. Capriullo, R. Linden, and J. Rehnberg. 1994. Environmental monitoring, seagrass mapping and biotechnology as means of fisheries habitat enhancement along the Connecticut Coast. Report to Connecticut DEP, Office of Long Island Sound Programs. 42 pp.

Kurland, J. M. 1994. Seagrass Habitat Conservation: An increasing challenge for coastal resource management in the Gulf of Maine, pp. 1051-1061. In: P. G. Wells and P. J. Ricketts, (eds) Coastal Zone Canada >94, ACooperation in the Coastal Zone@: Conference Proceedings. Volume 3. Coastal Zone Canada Association, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Lamounette, R. 1977. A study of the germination and viability of Zostera marina L. seed. MS Thesis. Adelphi Univ., Garden City, NY. 41pp.

Leber, K. M. and H. S. Greening. 1986. Community studies in seagrass meadows: a comparison of two methods for sampling macroinvertebrates and fishes. Fish. Bull. 84(2): 443-50.

Lehmann, M. C. G. 1812. The use of grass-wrack for stuffing pillows and mattresses and its proper treatment for such purposes as a substitute for horse-hair.

Lewis, H. F. 1932. The eelgrass situation on the Atlantic coast. American Game Conference Trans. 19: 411-423.

Lewis, H. F. and C. Cottam. 1936. Eelgrass and other waterfowl foods - present status and futureprospects. Proc. N. Amer. Wild. Conf. 1: 498-501.

Lewis, I. F. and W. R. Taylor. 1933. Notes from the Woods Hole Laboratory, 1932. Rhodora 35: 147-154.

Lockwood, J. C. 1990. Seagrass as a consideration in the site selection and construction of marinas. Environmental Management for Marinas Conference, Sept. 5-7, 1990, Washington, D.C. Technical Reprint Series, International Marina Institute, Wickford, Rhode Island.

Lynch, J. J., and C. Cottam. 1937. Status of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the North American Coast. USDA Biological Survey. Leaflet BS-94.

Macomber, R. T. and D. Allen. 1979. The New Jersey submerged aquatic vegetation distribution atlas. Final Report, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. 25pp.

Marshall, N. 1947. An abundance of bay scallops in the absence of eelgrass. Ecology 28: 321-322.

Marshall, N. 1960. Studies of the Niantic River, Connecticut, with special reference to the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. Limnol. Oceanogr. 5: 86-105.

Marshall, N. and K. Lukas. 1970. Preliminary observations on the properties of bottom sediments with and without eelgrass, Zostera marina, cover. Proc. Natl. Shell. Assoc. 60: 107-111.

Martin, A. C. 1954. A clue to the eelgrass mystery. In Trans. of Nineteenth North American Wildlife Conference, pp. 441-449.

Macloed, R., R. Congalton, and F. Short. 1995. Using quantitative accuracy assessment techniques to compare various change detection algorithms for monitoring eelgrass distributions in Great Bay, NH, generated from Landsat TM data. Proceedings of the Sixty-First Annual Meeting of the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Charlotte, North Carolina. Volume 3. pp. 876-885.

McMaster, R. C. & W. B. Clark. 1955. A survey of bottom sediments in upper Narragansett and Mt. Hope Bays. Report. Kingston, RI: Narragansett Marine Lab, University of Rhode Island.

McRoy, C. P., and R. C. Phillips. 1968. Supplementary bibliography on eelgrass, Zostera marina. U.S.Fish Wildl. Serv. Spec. Sci. Rep. Wildlife Report No. 114: 14pp.

McRoy, C. P. and R. J. Barsdate. 1970. Phosphate absorption in eelgrass. Limnol. Oceanogr. 15: 6-13.

McRoy, C. P. and J. J. Goering. 1974. Nutrient transfer between the seagrass Zostera marina and its epiphytes. Nature 248: 173-174.

Muenscher, W.C. 1939. Aquatic vegetation of Long Island waters. Pages 88-101 In A biological survey of the fresh waters of Long Island; Suppl. to 228th Annual Report of the NYS Biological Survey.

Nelson, W. G. 1980. A comparative study of amphipods in seagrasses from Florida to Nova Scotia.Bull. Mar. Sci. 30: 80-89.

Nichols, G. E. 1920. The vegetation of Connecticut (VII). The plant associations of depositing areasalong the seacoast. Bull. Tor. Bot. Club 47: 511-548.

NUSCO (Northeast Utilities Service Company). 1989. Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station. Waterford, Connecticut. 1989 Annual Report.

NUSCO. 1993. Eelgrass. Pages 225-236 In: Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound atMillstone Nuclear Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut. 1990 Annual Report.

NUSCO. 1993. Eelgrass. Pages 33-48 In: Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound atMillstone Nuclear Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut. 1992 Annual Report.

NUSCO. 1994. Eelgrass. Pages 35-49 In: Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station, Waterford, Connecticut. 1993 Annual Report.

NUSCO. 1996. Eelgrass. Pages 203-218 In: Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station. Waterford, Connecticut. 1996 Annual Report.

Orth, R. J. 1992. A perspective on plant-animal interactions in seagrasses: physical and biological determinants influencing plant and animal abundance, pp. 147-164 In: Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos, D.M. John, S.J. Hawkins, and J.H. Price (eds), Systematics Association Special Volume 46, Clarendon Press, Oxford..

Orth, R. J. and K. A. Moore. 1983. An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation.
Science 222: 51-53.

Orth, R. J., R. L. Ferguson, and K. D. Haddad. 1991. Monitoring seagrass distribution and abundance patterns. Coastal Wetlands Coastal Zone, July 1991 Conference-ASCE, Long Beach, CA. p. 281-300.

Orth, R. J., M. L. Luckenbach, and K. A. Moore. 1993. Seed dispersal in Zostera marina. Seminar presented at the 12^th Biennial International Estuarine Research Federation Conference, November 1993, Hilton Head, SC.

Peck, H. J. 1947. 200^th anniversary of Warren, RI: historical sketch 1747-1947. Warren, RI: the Town of Warren. 111 pp.

Penhale, P. A. and G. W. Thayer. 1980. Uptake and transfer of carbon and phosphorus by eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and its epiphytes. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 26: 113-123.

Phillips, R. C. 1964. Comprehensive bibliography of Zostera marina. US Fish & Wildlife Service, Bur. Sport Fish Wildl. Spec. Sci. Rep., Wildl. No. 79. 35 pp.

Phillips, R. C. & C. P. McRoy. 1980. Handbook of seagrasses biology, and ecosystem perspective. New York: Garland Press, 353 pp.

Phillips, R. C. and C. P. McRoy (eds.). 1990. Seagrass research methods. UNESCO, Paris, France. (ISBN 92-3-102660-7). 210pp.

Prescott, R. C. 1990. Sources of predatory mortality in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians (Lamarck): interactions with seagrass and epibiotic coverage. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 144: 63-83.

Rand, E. L. and J. H. Redfield. 1894. Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. A preliminary catalogue of the plants growing on Mount Desert Island and the adjacent islands. Cambridge University Press.

Renn, C. E. 1937. The eelgrass situation along the Middle Atlantic Coast. Ecology 18: 323-325.

Riggs, S. A., Jr., and R. A. Fralick. 1975. Zostera marina L., its growth and distribution in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. Rhodora 77: 456-466.

Robertson, A. I. 1981. Population dynamics of the snail Littorina saxatilis in an eelgrass meadow in Nova Scotia. Australian Seagrass Workshop, Univ. of Sydney, Aug. 19-21. (abstract).

Robertson, A. I. and K. H. Mann. 1980. The role of isopods and amphipods in the initial fragmentation of eelgrass detritus in Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Biol. 59: 63-69.

Robertson, A. I. and K. H. Mann. 1982. Population dynamics and life history adaptations of Littorina neglecta Bean in an eelgrass meadow (Zostera marina L.) in Nova Scotia. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 63: 151-177.

Roman, C. T. and K. W. Able. 1988. Production ecology of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in a Cape Cod salt marsh-estuarine system, Massachusetts. Aquat. Bot. 32: 353-363.

Scott, R. S., and D. P. Olson. 1973. Food-habitat relationship of sea ducks on the New Hampshire coastline. Ecology 54(5): 996-1007.

Setchell, W. A. 1929. Morphological and phenological notes on Zostera marina L. Pages 389-452 In University of California Publications in Botany 14 (19). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.

Short, F. T. 1975. Eelgrass production in Charleston Pond: an ecological analysis and numerical simulation model. MS Thesis, Grad. School of Oceanogr., Univ. Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. 180 pp.

Short, F. T. 1980. A simulation model of the seagrass production system. Pages 275-295 In: Phillips, R. C. and C. P. McRoy (eds.) Handbook of seagrass press, Biology: an ecosystem perspective, garland STPM.

Short, F. T. 1983. The response of interstitial ammonium in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) beds to environmental perturbations. Journal of Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 68: 195-208.

Short, F. T. 1988. Eelgrass-scallop research in the Niantic River (Connecticut): Final report to the Waterford-East Lyme shellfish Commission. November 15, 1988. 12pp.

Short, F. T. and C. P. McRoy. 1984. Nitrogen uptake by leaves and roots of the seagrass (Zostera marina L.) and its epiphytes. Bot. Mar. 27: 547-555.

Short, F. T. & C. A. Short. 1984. The seagrass filter: purification of coastal waters, Pages 395-413 In: The estuary as a filter, V. S. Kennedy (ed). Orlando: Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.

Short, F.T. and C.A. Short. 2000. Identifying seagrass growth forms for leaf and rhizome marking applications. Biol. Mar. Medit.7: 131-134.

Short, F. T. & S. Wyllie-Escheverria. 1996. Natural and human-induced disturbances of seagrasses. Environmental Conservation 23(1): 17-27.

Short, F. T., S. W. Nixon, and C. Oviatt. 1974. Field studies and simulations with a fine grid hydro-dynamic model. Seagrass and circulation in Charleston Pond. An environmental study of a nuclear power plant at Charleston, Rhode Island. Appendix vi - part b.

Short, F. T., J. Wolf, and G. E. Jones. 1989. Sustaining eelgrass to manage a healthy estuary. In: Coastal Zone ’89, Magoon, O. T., H. Converse, D. Miner, L. T. Tobin, and D. Clark (eds.) 4: 3689-3706.

Short, F. T., D. M. Burdick, J. S. Wolf, and G. E. Jones. 1993. Eelgrass in estuarine research reserves along the east coast, USA, Part I: Declines from pollution and disease; and Part II: Management of eelgrass meadows. NOAA – Coastal Ocean Program Publ. 107pp.

Short, F.T., D.M. Burdick and J.E. Kaldy. 1995. Mesocosm experiments quantify the effects of eutrophication on eelgrass, Zostera marina L. Limnology and Oceanography 40: 740-749.

Siedburth, J. M. and C. D. Thomas. 1973. Fouling on eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). J. Phycol. 9: 46-50.

Smayda, T. J. 1961. Some quantitative aspects of primary production in a Rhode Island coastal salt pond. First National Coastal Shallow Water Res. Conf., pp. 123-125.

Smith, I., M. S. Fonseca, J. A. Rivera, and K. A. Rittmaster. 1989. Habitat value of natural versus recently transplanted eelgrass, Zostera marina for the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians. National Marine Fisheries Service, Fishery Bulletin 87(1): 189-199.

Sogard, S. M. 1989. Colonization of artificial seagrass by fishes and decapod crustaceans: importance of proximity to natural eelgrass. Journal of Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 133: 15-37.

Sogard, S. M. & K. W. Able. 1991. A comparison of eelgrass, sea lettuce macroalgae, and marsh creeks as habitats for epibenthic fishes and decapods. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci. 33: 501-519.

Stauffer, R. C. 1937. Changes in the invertebrate community of a lagoon after the disappearance of the eelgrass. Ecology 18: 427-431.

Stevens, V. E. 1935. Notes on Zostera marina in Upper Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Plant Disease Reporter 19(4): 232-233.

Stevens, V. E. 1936. Notes on the condition of Zostera marina in Buttermilk Bay, Massachusetts. Plant Disease Reporter 20: 279-281.

Stevens, N.E., H.R. Ellis, and R.B. Stevens 1950. Wasting and recovery of Zostera marina on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Plant Disease Reporter 34: 357-362.

Taylor, A. R. A. 1954. Control of eelgrass in oyster culture areas. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, Atlantic Biol. Station, General Series, No. 23.

Taylor, A. R. A. 1957. Studies on the development of Zostera marina L. I. The embryo and seed. Can. J. Bot. 35: 477-499.

Taylor, A. R. A. 1957. Studies on the development of Zostera marina L. II. Germination and seedlingdevelopment. Can. J. Bot. 35: 681-695.

Thayer, G. W. and H. H. Stuart. 1974. The bay scallop makes its bed of seagrass. Marine Fisheries Review 36(7): 27-30.

Thayer, G. W., D. A. Wolfe, and R. B. Williams. 1975. The impact of man on seagrass systems. American Scientific 63: 278-296.

Thayer, G. W., J. W. Zieman, and J. S. Fisher. 1983. The role of current velocity in structuring eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) meadows. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 17: 367-380.

Thayer, G. W., W. J. Kenworthy, and M. S. Fonseca. 1984. The ecology of eelgrass meadows of the Atlantic coast: a community profile. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS-84/02. 147pp.

Thorne-Miller, B. and M. M. Harlin. 1984. The production of Zostera marina L. and other submerged macrophytes in a coastal lagoon in Rhode Island, USA. Bot. Mar. 27: 539-546.

Thorne-Miller, B., M. M. Harlin, M. M. Brady-Campbell, and T. M. DiGiovanni. 1980. Production and growth strategies of pelagic and rooted plant communities in RI, USA coastal lagoons. Amer. Zool. 20: 808.

Thorne-Miller, B., M. M. Harlin, G. B. Thursby, M. M. Brady-Campbell, and B. A. Dworetzky. 1983. Variations in the distribution and biomass of submerged macrophytes in five coastal lagoons in Rhode Island, USA. Bot. Mar. 26: 231-242

Transeau, E. N. 1913. The vegetation of Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. I. The littoral successions.Plant World 16: 189-209.

Uhler, F. M. 1932. Report on the examination of certain waterfowl feeding and breeding grounds in Connecticut. Unpublished report to Connecticut DEP. Aug. 2, 1932. 33pp.

Valiela, I. and J. Costa. 1988. Eutrophication of Buttermilk Bay, a Cape Cod coastal embayment: Concentrations of nutrients and watershed nutrient budgets. Environmental Management 12: 539-551.

Valiela, I., K. Foreman, M. LaMontagne, D. Hersh, J. Costa, P. Peckol, B. DeMeo-Anderson, C. D’Avanzo, M. Babione, C. Sham, J. Brawley, and K. Lajtha. 1992. Couplings of watersheds and coastal waters: Sources and consequences of nutrient enrichment in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 15: 443-457.

Valiela, I., J. McClelland, J. Hauxwell, P. J. Behr, D. Hersh, and K. Foreman. 1997. Macroalgal blooms in shallow estuaries: controls and ecophysiological and ecosystem consequences. Limnology and Oceanography 42(5, part 2): 1105-1118.

Virnstein, R. W., W. G. Nelson, F. G. Lewis, III, and R. K. Howard. 1984. Latitudinal patterns in seagrass epifauna: do patterns exist, and can they be explained? Estuaries 7(4A): 310-330.

Wegman, L. S. and co. 1967. Channel and eelgrass study. Report submitted to Nassau County, Long Island, NY.

Welch, P. S. 1948. Light penetration (Chapter 11). Pages 159-167 In: Limnological Methods.

Wigand, C. AND A. C. Churchill. 1988. Laboratory studies on eelgrass seed and seedling predation. Estuaries 11(3): 180-183.

Williams, S. L. and R. J. Orth. 1998. Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted eelgrass populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. Estuaries 21(1): 118-128.

Wippelhauser, G. S. 1996. Ecology and management of Maine’s Eelgrass, Rockweeds, and Kelps. Maine Natural Areas Program, Department of Conservation. June, 1996.

Wright, T. J., V. I. Cheadle, and E. A. Palmatier. 1949. A survey of Rhode Island’s salt and brackish water ponds and marshes. Rhode Island Department of Agriculture and Conservation, Division of Fish and Game, Pittman Robertson Pamphlet 2, 44pp.

Young, E. L. 1938. Recent investigations on the eelgrass problem. Bull. Mt. Desert Island Biol. Lab., 1938: pp. 26-28.

Zimmerman, R. C. & R. S. Alberte. 1991. Prediction of the light requirements for eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) growth from numerical models, pp. 27-37 In: The light requirements of seagrasses: Proceedings of a workshop to examine the capability of water quality criteria, standards and monitoring programs to protect seagrasses. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-287.

CLIMATE

Short, F.T. and H. Neckles. 1999. The effects of global climate change on seagrasses. Aquatic Botany 63: 169-196.

DOCKS

Burdick, D. M. and F. T. Short. 1995. The effects of boat docks on eelgrass beds in Massachusetts coastal waters. A report submitted to the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management. Boston, Massachusetts.

Burdick, D. M. and F. T. Short. 1999. The effects of boat docks on eelgrass beds in coastal waters of Massachusetts. Environmental Management 23(2): 231-240.

Ludwig, M., D. Rusanowsky and C. Johnson-Hughes. 1997. The impact of installation and use of a pier and dock assembly on eelgrass (Zostera marina) at Star Island, Montauk, NY: Kalikow Dock case study. Combined effort of National Marine Fisheries Service and US Fish & Wildlife Service, April, 1997.

LABRINTHULA

Muehlstein, L.K., D. Porter and F.T. Short. 1988. Labyrinthula sp., a marine slime mold producing the symptoms of wasting disease in eelgrass, Zostera marina. Marine Biology 99: 465-472.

Burdick, D. M., F. T. Short, and J. Wolf. 1993. An index to assess and monitor the progression of wasting disease in eelgrass Zostera marina. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94: 83-90.

Diliddo, R. M. and E. Bell. 1981. VII. Motility of Labyrinthula. In: a report for the year 1980-1981 of the Dept. of Biology at the Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. 31pp.

Rasmussen, E. 1977. The wasting disease of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and its effects on environmental factors and fauna. Pages 1-51 In: C.P. McRoy and C. Helfferich, eds. Seagrass ecosystems, a scientific perspective. Marcel Deker, New York.

Muehlstein, L.K., D. Porter and F.T. Short. 1991. Labyrinthula zosterae sp. nov., the causative agent of wasting disease of eelgrass, Zostera marina. Mycologia 83(2): 180-191.

Renn, C. E. 1936. The wasting disease of Zostera marina. I. A phytological investigation of the diseased Plant. Biological Bulletin 70 (1): 148-158.

Short, F. T., A. C. Mathieson, and J. I. Nelson. 1986. Recurrence of the eelgrass wasting disease at the border of New Hampshire and Maine, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 29: 89-92.

Short, F. T., B. W. Ibelings, and C. Den Hartog. 1988. Comparison of a current eelgrass disease to the wasting disease of the 1930s. Aquatic Botany 30: 295-304.

Short, F. T., L. K. Muehlstein, and D. Porter. 1987. Eelgrass wasting disease: cause and recurrence of a marine epidemic. Biol. Bull. 173: 557-562.

Tutin, T. G. 1938. The autecology of Zostera marina in relation to its wasting disease. New Phytol. 37: 50-71.

Young, E. L. 1937. Notes on the labyrinthulan parasite of the eelgrass Zostera marina. Bull. Mt. Desert Island Biol. Lab., pp. 33-35.

LIGHT

Dennison, W. C. 1987. Effects of light on seagrass photosynthesis, growth and depth distribution. Aquat. Bot. 27: 15-26.

Dennison, W. C. and R. S. Alberte. 1982. Photosynthetic responses of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) to in situ manipulation of light intensity. Oecologia 55: 137-144.

Kenworthy, W. J. and D. E. Haunert (eds.). 1991. The light requirements of seagrasses: proceedings of a workshop to examine the capability of water quality criteria, standards and monitoring programs to protect seagrasses. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFC-287. 181pp.

Koch, E.W. and S. Beer 1996. Tides, light and the distribution of Zostera marina in Long Island Sound. Aquatic Botany 53: 97-107.

Mazzella, L. 1986. Light adaptation and the role of autotrophic epiphytes in primary production of thetemperate seagrass, Zostera marina L. Journal of Exp. Mar.

Preisendorfer, R.W. 1986. Secchi disk science: visual optics of natural waters. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 31(5): 909-926.Biol. Ecol. 100: 165-180.

Short, F. T. 1991. Light limitation on seagrass growth, p. 38-41. In W. J. Kenworthy and D. E. Haunert (eds.), The light requirements of seagrasses: proceedings of a workshop to examine the capability of water quality criteria, standards and monitoring programs to protect seagrasses. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFC-287. Beaufort, North Carolina.

RESTORATION

Davis, R. and F.T. Short. 1997. An improved method for transplanting eelgrass, Zostera marina L. Aquatic Botany 59: 1-16.

Davis, R, F.T. Short, and D. M. Burdick. 1998. Quantifying the effects of green crab damage to eelgrass transplants. Restoration Ecology 6: 297-302.

Dexter, R. W. 1950. Restoration of the Zostera faciation at Cape Ann, Massachusetts. Ecology 31(2): 286-288.

Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and R. C. Phillips. 1982. A cost-evaluation technique for restoration of seagrass and other plant communities. Envir. 9: 237-241.

Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and G. W. Thayer. 1982. A low-cost planting technique planting technique for eelgrass (Zostera marina L.). Fort Belvoir, VA, UA Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center. 15pp.

Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, G. W. Thayer, D. Y. Heller, and K. M. Cheap. 1985. Transplanting of the seagrasses Zostera marina and Halodule wrightii for sediment stabilization and habitat development on the east coast of the United States. Technical Report EL-85-9, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. 49pp.

Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, D. R. Colby, K. A. Rittmaster, and G. W. Thayer. 1990. Comparison of fauna among natural and transplanted eelgrass, Zostera marina, meadows--criteria for mitigation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 65(3): 251-264.

Fredette, T. J., M. S. Fonseca, W. J. Kenworthy, & G. W. Thayer. 1985. Seagrass transplantings: 10 years of Army Corps of Engineers Research. Pp. 121-134 In: F. J. Webb (ed) Proceedings of the 12^th Annual Conference on Wetlands Restoration and Creation. Hillsborough Community College, Tampa, FL.

Kopp, B. S., A. M. Doherty, & S. W. Nixon. 1996. A guide to site-selection for eelgrass restoration projects in Narragansett Bay, RI. A publication funded by the RI Aqua Fund Program.

Riner, M. I. 1976. A study of methods, techniques and growth characteristics for transplanted portions of eelgrass (Zostera marina). MS Thesis, Adelphi Univ., Garden City, NY. 104pp.

Short, F.T., D.M. Burdick, C.A. Short, R.C. Davis, and P.A. Morgan. 2000. Developing success criteria for restored eelgrass, salt marsh and mud flat habitats. Ecological Engineering, 15: 239-252.

WATER QUALITY

Burkholder, J. M., K. M. Mason, and H. B. Glasgow, Jr. 1992. Water-column nitrate enrichment promotes decline of eelgrass, Zostera marina: evidence from seasonal mesocosm experiments. Marine Ecology Progress Series 81: 163-178.

Burkholder, J. M., K. M. Mason, and H. B. Glasgow, Jr. 1992. Water-column nitrate enrichment promotes decline of eelgrass Zostera marina, shoalgrass Halodule wrightii, and widgeongrass Ruppia maritima. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 105: 121-138.

Costa, J. E., B. L. Howes, A. E. Giblin, and I. Valiela. 1992. Monitoring nitrogen and indicators of nitrogen loading to support management action in Buzzards Bay. pages 499-531 In: McKenzie et al., (eds.) Ecological indicators. Elsevier Applied Science, New York.

Dennison, W. C., R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, J. C. Stevenson, V. Carter, S. Kollar, P. W. Bergstrom, and R. A. Batiuk. 1993. Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. BioScience 43(2): 86-94.

Harlin, M. M. and B. Thorne-Miller. 1981. Algal growth in response to nutrient enrichment of seagrass beds in a Rhode Island coastal lagoon. 13^th International Botanical Congress, Sydney (abstract).

Harlin, M. M. and B. Thorne-Miller. 1981. Nutrient enrichment of seagrass beds in a Rhode Island, USA coastal lagoon. Mar. Biol. 65: 221-230.

Okubo, A. and J. Slater. 1989. Simple model of eelgrass growth and water quality: another catastrophe theory? Pages 693-712 In: Cosper, E.M., V.M. Bricelj and E.J. Carpenter (eds), Coastal and Estuarine Studies.

Short, F. T. and D. M. Burdick. 1996. Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to housing development and nitrogen loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19(3): 730-739.

Short, F.T., Burdick, D.M., Granger, S. & Nixon, S.W. 1996. Long-term decline in eelgrass, Zostera marina L., linked to increased housing development. Pages 291-298 In: Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of an InternationalWorkshop, Rottnest Island, Western Australia, 25-29 January 1996. ed. J. Kuo, R.C. Phillips, D.I. Walker, & H. Kirkman. Nedlands, Western Australia: Sciences UWA.